Chapter+14

Page 159

1. 64 2. 3 in 64 3. stop codons should occur with a frequency of about 1 in 20 codons; their frequency would be lower in an open reading frame; the first reading frame has one stop codon, the second has two but the third has none so the third is possibly an open-reading frame; a much longer sequence is necessary to identify the ORF;

Page 163

1. 7 2. data suggests neanderthals more closely related to humans; because of fewer differences in bases between humans and neanderthals; minimum difference in human-neanderthal exceeds maximum human-human difference; therefore humans and neanderthals not the same species; 3. based on the bones of single neanderthal/limited support;/ is the mtDNA gene chosen necessarily the most representative? (asked rhetorically, but still a legitimate concern)

Page 164, short question in lower right about which DNA fingerprint in Figure 7 matches suspect:

specimen 1

page 166

1. didn't have a ruler handy, so these are approximations: column 2: 4500bp, 2500bp, 1100bp column 3: 4000bp, 550bp, 200bp (Here are the results of another user, which differ slightly from those above. Perhaps a third person could reconcile. The first contributor mentioned not having a ruler handy, but since the table provides the distance moved, all that is needed is a straight edge: column 2: 4800, 4000, 1000 column 3: 4000, 700, 300)