Chapter+24

Page 244. 1. As ouabain concentration increases, Na+/K+ pump activity decreases. 2. Ouabain concentration would be approximately 0.0035 M. 3. Overstimulation of cardiac muscle would occur. Ouabain binds to ATPase inhibiting Na+/K+ pump action. This inhibition allows for Na+ to actively leak back into the cell. Increased Na+ concentration triggers Na+/Ca++ pump to move Ca++ into the cell, stimulating muscle contraction. http://www.aw-bc.com/mathews/ch09/ouabain.htm

Page 248 1. 7MJ/m2/h 2. cool 3. wind-chill is 0.9MJm-2h-1; energy lost= 2x0.9 = 1.8MJ 4. wind chill increases with increasing wind speed but decreases with increasing temperature; linear increase with decreasing temperature but non-linear with wind speed/significant increase at lower wind speeds;

page 250 figure 15 in person with diabetes: a) higher concentration of glucose at time zero; b) longer time to return to baseline (hasn't occurred after 5 hours) c) much higher maximum glucose d) delay in time before glucose begins to fall

page 250 figure 16 a)i) facial immersion decreases heart rate ii) preserve oxygen b) as temperature decreases, heart rate goes down more c) 20% decrease; 20%x70 beats per minute = 14 beats per minute decrease 56 beats per minute